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1.
Rev. bras. ginecol. obstet ; 45(5): 273-280, May 2023. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1449737

ABSTRACT

Abstract Pituitary apoplexy refers to a rare clinical syndrome consisting of signs and symptoms that occur due to rapid expansion of the contents of the sella turcica. It can occur spontaneously or associated with pituitary tumors. It can have a broad clinical spectrum, but usually presents with severe headache, visual impairment and hypopituitarism. Sudden onset of symptoms associated to imagiologic confirmation makes the diagnosis. Surgical treatment is advised when there is important compression of the optic tract. We present a case report and a review of the literature on pituitary apoplexy in pregnancy. The cases were reviewed to obtain information on maternal characteristics, clinical presentation, diagnostic studies, therapeutic modalities and maternal and fetal outcomes. Our review found 36 cases of pituitary apoplexy in pregnancy. Most of the cases occurred in the second trimester of pregnancy and headache was the most frequent symptom at presentation. Surgical therapy was required in more than half of the patients. In what respect maternal and fetal outcomes, there were 3 cases of preterm delivery and one case of maternal death. Our clinical case and literature review reinforces the importance of an early diagnosis to avoid potential adverse consequences.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Adult , Pituitary Apoplexy
2.
Mundo saúde (Impr.) ; 47: e13912022, 2023.
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1435161

ABSTRACT

Objetivou-se analisar, por meio do padrão espacial e temporal, o efeito da pandemia de COVID-19 na detecção de casos novos de tuberculose no Brasil. Trata-se de um estudo ecológico, que adotou a taxa média de detecção de casos novos de tuberculose no período pré-pandemia (2016 a 2019) e pandêmico (2020). Na análise espacial foi calculada a variação percentual da detecção para regiões brasileiras e estados e a razão de risco entre as taxas de detecção suavizadas, por meio do método empírico bayesiano local, para os municípios. A análise de tendência temporal foi realizada por meio da Regressão de Joinpoint, sendo o mês de detecção a unidade de análise. Observou-se a redução da taxa de detecção de tuberculose em todas as regiões brasileiras e em 81,5% dos estados. Aproximadamente 60,0% dos municípios apresentaram estabilização ou decréscimo das taxas de detecção. A análise temporal revelou que todas as regiões apresentavam, desde 2016, tendência de aumento de detecção de casos e que, sobretudo no primeiro semestre de 2020, foi identificada forte tendência a redução das taxas. A mudança da organização dos serviços de saúde impostos pela pandemia pode ter influenciado a subnotificação de casos e consequente redução das taxas de detecção da tuberculose.


This study aimed to analyze, through the spatial and temporal patterns, the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic in the detection of new cases of tuberculosis in Brazil. This is an ecological study, which adopted the average rate of detection of new cases of tuberculosis in the pre-pandemic (2016 to 2019) and pandemic (2020) periods. The spatial analysis was calculated using the percent variation of detection in Brazilian regions and states and the risk ratio between smoother detection rates through the local Bayesian empirical method for municipalities. The temporal trend analysis was performed through Joinpoint regression, with the month of detection as the unit of analysis. A reduction of the tuberculosis detection rate was observed in all Brazilian regions and in 81.5% of states. Approximately 60.0% of municipalities showed stabilization or a decrease in detection rates. Time analysis revealed that all regions had, since 2016, a trend of increased case detection and that, especially in the first half of 2020, a strong decreasing rate was identified. Changing the organization of healthcare services imposed by pandemic may have influenced the under-reporting of cases and consequent reduction of tuberculosis detection rates.

3.
Int. j. cardiovasc. sci. (Impr.) ; 35(1): 14-24, Jan.-Feb. 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1356322

ABSTRACT

Abstract Background: The risk of sports-related sudden cardiac arrest after COVID-19 infection can be a serious problem. There is an urgent need for evidence-based criteria to ensure patient safety before resuming exercise. Objective: To estimate the pooled prevalence of acute myocardial injury caused by COVID-19 and to provide an easy-to-use cardiovascular risk assessment toolkit prior to resuming sports activities after COVID-19 infection. Methods: We searched the Medline and Cochrane databases for articles on the prevalence of acute myocardial injury associated with COVID-19 infection. The pooled prevalence of acute myocardial injury was calculated for hospitalized patients treated in different settings (non-intensive care unit [ICU], ICU, overall hospitalization, and non-survivors). Statistical significance was accepted for p values <0.05. We propose a practical flowchart to assess the cardiovascular risk of individuals who recovered from COVID-19 before resuming sports activities. Results: A total of 20 studies (6,573 patients) were included. The overall pooled prevalence of acute myocardial injury in hospitalized patients was 21.7% (95% CI 17.3-26.5%). The non-ICU setting had the lowest prevalence (9.5%, 95% CI 1.5-23.4%), followed by the ICU setting (44.9%, 95% CI 27.7-62.8%), and the cohort of non-survivors (57.7% with 95% CI 38.5-75.7%). We provide an approach to assess cardiovascular risk based on the prevalence of acute myocardial injury in each setting. Conclusions: Acute myocardial injury is frequent and associated with more severe disease and hospital admissions. Cardiac involvement could be a potential trigger for exercise-induced clinical complications after COVID-19 infection. We created a toolkit to assist with clinical decision-making prior to resuming sports activities after COVID-19 infection.


Subject(s)
Sports , Heart Disease Risk Factors , COVID-19/complications , Myocarditis/complications , Death, Sudden, Cardiac , Risk Assessment/methods , Evidence-Based Practice/methods , Athletes
4.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1349456

ABSTRACT

Aims: Lipschütz ulcer (LU), also known as acute vulvar ulcer, is a rare cause of vulvar ulcerations of nonvenereal origin. Our aim is to alert about this manifestation of the disease and to prevent unnecessary treatment. Case description: we present a 15 years old female, without relevant family and past history, admitted in the emergency room with a painful vulvar ulcer, preceded by five days of fever and sore throat. On physical examination, she had enlarged, and erythematous tonsils and bilateral anterior cervical lymphadenopathy and the genital examination revealed vulvar oedema and a deep ulcer with necrotic plaques in labium minus. The exclusion of transmitted sexual disease led to a diagnosis of Lipschütz ulcer. She started symptomatic treatment, oral antibiotic and corticoid therapy. She was discharged from the hospital after 6 days of admission and returned to a consult one month later when it was observed an almost complete resolution of the lesions. No recurrences occurred until 3 months. Conclusion: LU is a misdiagnosed pathology, probably because doctors, in general, are not familiarized with that, and since the diagnosis is made by exclusion. Infectious, such as Epstein-Barr Virus infections, are proposed etiologies.


Objetivo: a úlcera de Lipschütz, ou úlcera vulvar aguda, é uma causa rara de ulceração de origem não venérea. O nosso objetivo é alertar para essa manifestação da doença e prevenir tratamentos desnecessários. Descrição: adolescente, sexo feminino, 15 anos, sem história pessoal ou antecedentes familiares de relevo. Recorreu ao Serviço de Urgência por febre e odinofagia, com cinco dias de evolução, associada a uma úlcera vulvar dolorosa, que surgiu no próprio dia. O exame clínico revelou amígdalas hipertrofiadas e eritematosas, linfadenopatia cervical anterior, e o exame ginecológico apresentou edema da vulva e uma úlcera profunda, com placas necróticas nos lábios menores. A exclusão de uma doença sexualmente transmissível levou ao diagnóstico de úlcera de Lipschütz. Ficou internada no Serviço de Pediatria e iniciou tratamento sintomático, antibioterapia por sobreinfeção da úlcera e corticoterapia tópica. Teve alta após seis dias de hospitalização e foi reavaliada em consulta um mês depois, com resolução completa do caso. Não apresentou recorrência da úlcera até aos três meses seguintes. Conclusão: a úlcera de Lipschütz é uma doença subdiagnosticada, muito provavelmente porque os médicos não estão familiarizados com ela e por ser um diagnóstico de exclusão. A infeção pelo vírus Epstein-Barr é uma das etiologias propostas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adolescent , Herpesvirus 4, Human , Epstein-Barr Virus Infections , Ulcer , Vulva
5.
Rev. bras. ginecol. obstet ; 42(7): 390-396, July 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1137855

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objective Preeclampsia is a major cause of perinatal and maternal morbidity and mortality. Our objective is to assess the performance of a combined screening test for preeclampsia in the first trimester and the prophylactic use of low-dose aspirin. Methods Prospective study of all women attending our hospital for the first-trimester screening of aneuploidies, between March 2017 and February 2018 (n = 1,297). The exclusion criteria weremultiple pregnancy andmajor fetal abnormalities. Preeclampsia screening was performed with an algorithm that includes maternal characteristics, and biophysical and biochemical biomarkers. High-risk was defined as a risk ≥ 1:50 of earlyonset preeclampsia (before 34 weeks), in which cases low-dose aspirin (150mg at night) was offered to these women from screening until 36 weeks. Results From the 1,272 enrolled participants, the majority were Caucasian (1,051; 82.6%) and multiparous (658, 51.7%). Fifty patients (3.9%) screened high-risk for preeclampsia, and all started a low-dose aspirin regimen, with good compliance (96%). Early-onset preeclampsia was found in 3 pregnant women (0.24%), and total preeclampsia was diagnosed in 25 (2.02%), compared with 28 (0.75%) cases of early preeclampsia (p = 0.0099) and 98 (2.62%) of total preeclampsia (p = 0.2904) before the implementation of screening. Conclusion There was a lower incidence of both, early-onset and total preeclampsia, after the introduction of universal screening and prophylactic use of low-dose aspirin. This reduction was statistically significant in early-onset preeclampsia. The association of a first-trimester combined screening model and aspirin prophylaxis appears to be useful in predicting and reducing the incidence of early-onset preeclampsia, in a routine care setting.


Resumo Objetivo A pré-eclâmpsia é uma causa importante de morbi-mortalidade materna e perinatal. Os objetivos do nosso estudo foram avaliar a implementação do rastreio combinado de pré-eclâmpsia no primeiro trimestre e o uso profilático de aspirina em baixa dose. Métodos Estudo prospetivo das mulheres referenciadas ao nosso hospital para realização do rastreio do primeiro trimestre de aneuploidias, entre março de 2017 e fevereiro de 2018 (n = 1.297). Os critérios de exclusão foram gravidez múltipla e anomalias fetais graves. O algoritmo usado no rastreio da pré-eclâmpsia combina características maternas, e marcadores biofísicos e bioquímicos. Definiu-se alto risco como risco de pré-eclâmpsia precoce (antes das 34 semanas) ≥ 1:50, tendo sido recomendada aspirina em baixa dose (150 mg à noite) desde o rastreio até às 36 semanas. Resultados Das 1.272 participantes, a maioria era caucasiana (1.051; 82,6%) e multípara (658; 51,7%). Cinquenta grávidas (3,9%) foram consideradas de alto risco para pré-eclâmpsia e todas iniciaram aspirina em baixa dose, com boa adesão (96%). Pré-eclampsia precoce foi diagnosticada em 3 grávidas (0,24%), e no total foram diagnosticados 25 casos de pré-eclâmpsia (2,02%), comparativamente com 28 (0,75%) casos de pré-eclampsia precoces (p = 0,0099) e 98 (2,62%) casos totais de préeclâmpsia (p = 0,2904) observados antes da implementação do rastreio. Verificou-se uma menor incidência de pré-eclâmpsia precoce e total após introdução do rastreio universal e uso profilático de aspirina. A redução da pré-eclâmpsia precoce foi estatisticamente significativa. Conclusão A associação de um modelo de rastreio combinado no primeiro trimestre com o uso profilático de aspirina é aparentemente eficaz na redução do risco de préeclâmpsia precoce.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Pre-Eclampsia/diagnosis , Pre-Eclampsia/prevention & control , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/therapeutic use , Aspirin/therapeutic use , Mass Screening , Pregnancy, High-Risk , Pregnancy Trimester, First , Pregnancy Outcome , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/administration & dosage , Aspirin/administration & dosage , Incidence , Prospective Studies , Risk Factors
6.
Acta amaz ; 38(1): 101-106, 2008. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-482511

ABSTRACT

A utilização de extratos de plantas pode ser uma alternativa para o controle de pragas. Dentre as plantas com atividade inseticida, destacam-se a erva-de-rato (Palicourea marcgravii) e o subproduto (manipueira) da produção de farinha de mandioca (Manihot esculenta), plantas comuns na região Amazônica. Esse trabalho teve, como principal objetivo, investigar o potencial inseticida da manipueira e do extrato de erva-de-rato sobre Toxoptera citricida (pulgão-preto do citros). Os extratos liofilizados de manipueira e de erva-de-rato foram pulverizados sobre plantas de citros contendo pulgões em cinco concentrações (10mg/ml, 20mg/ml, 30mg/ml, 40mg/ml e 50mg/ml). Todas as concentrações analisadas causaram mortalidade dos pulgões superior a 50 por cento, sendo que a maior concentração causou a mortalidade de todos os insetos. O potencial destes extratos demonstrado no experimento coloca os mesmos como uma alternativa ao uso de inseticidas sintéticos no controle do pulgão-preto dos citros.


The utilization of plant extracts might be an alternative for the control of crop pests. Between the plants with insecticide potential, stands-out: Erva-de-rato (Palicourea marcgravii) and the Cassava, a byproduct of the manipueira (Manihot esculenta),common plants in the amazon region. That work had as main objective , to investigate the insecticide potential of Manihot esculenta (manipueira of cassava) and Palicourea marcgravii (erva-de-rato) on Toxoptera citricida (brown citrus aphid), in experimental conditions. The freeze dryed Manipueira and and Erva-de-rato extracts, were sprayed on citrus plants infected by brown citros aphid. In laboratory, extracts of these two plants were obtained in five concentrations (10mg/ml, 20mg/ml, 30mg/ml, 40mg/ml and 50mg/ml). All the analyzed concentrations (10 to 50mg/ml) caused mortality on T. citricida of above 50 percent, and the higher concentration of 50mg/ml caused the mortality of all the insects (n = 100 percent) in application processes contact. The potential of these extracts, as demonstrated in the tests, confirms that they can be an insecticide alternative, for the control of the brown citrus aphid.


Subject(s)
Pest Control , Insecticides
7.
Acta amaz ; 37(2): 293-298, jun. 2007. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-462060

ABSTRACT

O uso de extratos de plantas, em grande parte ainda inexplorada na Amazônia, constitui uma alternativa para o controle de insetos fitófagos, devido o baixo custo operacional, facilidade de preparação, utilização e segurança para o meio ambiente. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a ação inseticida de Piper aduncum sobre Aetalion sp. Insetos adultos, coletados em Clitoria fairchildiana, foram separados em grupos de dez indivíduos, colocados em recipientes plásticos e expostos à aplicação tópica de extratos aquosos de folhas e raízes de P. aduncum. Os extratos foram aplicados nas concentrações de 10, 20 e 30 mg.ml-1. Os grupos de controle tratados com água destilada. Os testes tiveram 48 horas de duração e a cada 12 horas a porcentagem de mortalidade foi avaliada. O experimento se caracterizou num delineamento inteiramente ao acaso com três tratamentos em cinco repetições mais o grupo controle. O extrato de folhas de P. aduncum apresentou menor toxicidade (CL50 = 20,9 mg.ml-1) do que o extrato de raízes (CL50 = 20,2 mg.ml-1), mas não foram estatisticamente distintos. Tanto o extrato aquoso de raízes como o de folhas de P. aduncum apresentam atividade inseticida sobre adultos de Aetalion sp. Entretanto, por não causar impacto ambiental durante a coleta, recomenda-se o extrato de folhas em programas de controle alternativo desse inseto.


The use of extracts of plants, usually under exploited in Amazonia, is an alternative to control phytophagous insects due to their low costs, easy preparation, use and environmental safety. The aim of this work was to evaluate the insecticidal action of P. aduncum on Aetalion sp. Adult insects collected on the Clitoria fairchildiana were separated in groups of ten individuals into plastic vessels and exposed to topic application of aqueous extracts of leaves and roots of P. aduncum. The extracts were applied at the concentrations of 10, 20 and 30 mg.ml-1. The control groups treated with distilled water. The tests lasted 48 h and every 12 h the mortality rate was evaluated. The experiments were performed in a complete randomized design with three treatments in five replicates more a attest group. The extract of leaves of P. aduncum showed shorter toxicity (CL50 = 20,9 mg.ml-1) than the extract of roots (CL50 = 20,2 mg.ml-1), but not statistically different. As much the watery extract of roots as of leaves of P. aduncum show insecticidal activity on adults of Aetalion sp. However, for not causing ambient impact during the collection, sends regards the leaves extract in programs of alternative control of this insect.


Subject(s)
Plants, Toxic , Pest Control , Hemiptera , Insecticides
8.
Pró-fono ; 11(2): 1-7, set. 1999. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-252895

ABSTRACT

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi identificar alteraçöes de audiçäo, fala, linguagem e deglutiçäo em 106 (cento e seis) idosos institucionalizados com idades entre 65 e 98 anos em Campo Grande/MS/Brasil. Os dados encontrados durante a triagem revelaram a presença de alteraçäo das habilidades da comunicaçäo oral (fala e compreensäo), audiçäo e ainda que em menor proporçäo, da deglutiçäo.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Speech Disorders/diagnosis , Homes for the Aged , Language Disorders/diagnosis , Hearing Disorders/diagnosis , Deglutition Disorders/diagnosis
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